Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter6 gas turbines. Using variable speed turbines to enhance flow control is investigated theoretically and from similitude calculations. Prepare a table to mention the values of all the parameters, such as head, flow rate, speed, diameter, specific speed, power, and efficiency whether these parameters are part of the. Check out the new look and enjoy easier access to your favorite features. And there are undergraduate engineering students who need a formal course in the subject. System efficiency of miniature horizontalaxis wind. Im invested in a power plant with francis turbines unfortunately only a small one, where the height seems to be about 10m, perhaps 15m between max. Gas turbines are a type of internal combustion engine and are used in a wide range of services, powering aircraft of all types, as well as driving mechanical equipment such as pumps, compressors, and generators in the electric utilities and petrochemical industries. In reaction turbine the water enters the wheels under pressure and flows over the vanes or blades. Hydraulic turbines consist of pelton wheel, francis and kaplan turbine. Introduction to gas turbines for nonengineers published in the global gas turbine news, volume 37.
After completing this course, participants should be able to identify and describe the functions of the components of a typical turbine lube oil system. Langston, university of connecticut and george opdyke, jr. Hydraulics and hydraulic machinery pdf notes hhm pdf notes. There are several groups of potential users of a book on wind energy systems. A reaction turbine turbine is one in which the drop in pressure takes place in the rotating wheel. In this paper, two miniature horizontalaxis windturbine systems mhawts with and without gear transmission consisting of commercially available offtheshelf components were designed for harvesting energy from ambient airflow to power wireless sensors. Analysis, modeling and control of doublyfed induction generators for wind turbines andreas petersson isbn 9172916001 c andreas petersson, 2005. Pumps, turbines and pipe networks moment of momentum revisited types of pumps and turbines and uses pumppipe systems, networks 2. The hydraulic turbine is a prime mover that uses the energy of flowing water and converts is into the mechanical energy in the form of rotation of the runner. These notes are of easyengineering team prepared notes. Improving efficiency and capacity of hydroturbines in the western united states hoover dam by jonathan g.
This energy obtained is know as hydroelectric power which is one of the cheapest forms of energy generation. Introduction to power system analysis nptel electrical. Kaplin turbines, francis turbines, pelton turbines. Multiobjective structural optimization of wind turbine tower. Hydraulic turbines hydraulic turbines convert hydraulic energy of water into mechanical energy which is further converted into electrical energy. Definition of fluid machines and energy transfer in fluid machines part i lecture 2. Moving fluids, such as water or air, push the blades so that they turn around with the shaft. Separate pumps and turbines or reversible machines, so fig. Wind energy systems draw on a wide range of disciplines. The most important constitutive elements of reaction turbines are the following. Uses the potential energy and kinetic energy of water and rotate the rotor by dynamic action of water classification of hydraulic turbines. The wind power is w w dw p dt the energy drawn by wind turbine is, 22. Hydromechanics of variable speed turbines journal of energy.
There are also several university based hydroturbine test centers such as laboratory for hydraulic machinery of epfl in switzerland 9 and turboinstitut in. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter7 hydrowater power. The project on development of remaining three quadrants to nptel phasei under grant in aid nmeict, mhrd, new delhi. A gas turbine is a turbomachine and basically similar to steam turbine regarding its working principle the first turbine to produce useful work was probably a wind mill, where no compression and no combustion exist now a days gas turbine include a compression process and combustion process. The turning movement is most often used to turn a generator. Turbines can also be termed as machines extracting energy from fluids. Francis type turbines, and among these, the most of them use speed governors equipped with electro hydraulic controllers, usually processing algorithms pid. Doktorsavhandlingar vid chalmers tekniska hogskola. Banerjee,department of electrical engineering, iit kharagpur. All nptel videos are transcribed and published as pdf files on our portal.
In recent years, new techniques are under analysis to improve the regulation of the speed and power of the hydroelectric turbines. Steve, assistant professor, amal jyothi college of engineering, kanjirapally. Water driven tubes are used primarily for the development of hydroelectric energy. Francis type turbines, and among these, the most of them use speed governors equipped with electrohydraulic controllers, usually processing algorithms pid. There are those with non technical backgrounds who want a readable introduction. Improving efficiency and capacity of hydroturbines in the. This manual does not for designing steam turbine and the related parts. Here is the access download page of power plant engineering nptel pdf, click this link to download or read online. Vtunptelnmeict project progress report the project on development of remaining three quadrants to nptel phasei under grant in aid nmeict, mhrd, new delhi. Generally, the flow in the hydraulic turbines is threedimensional and. In impulse turbines a free jet of water strikes the. They should also be able to describe the basic components and operation. Gas turbines can be used in poweronly generation or in combined heat and power chp systems the most efficient commercial technology for central station poweronly generation is the gas turbinesteam turbinecombinedcycle plant, with efficiencies approaching 60 percent lower heating value lhv. Hydraulic control technology for wind turbine generators.
Hydraulic turbines may be defined as prime movers that transform the kinetic energy of. Gas turbines have also played an important role in electricity generation on offshore oil and gas platforms. Hydraulic turbines are machines which convert hydraulic energy in to mechanical energy. Today turbinepowered generators produce most of the worlds electrical energy.
Steam turbines shows how to select, improve, operate, and maintain highquality mechanical drive steam turbineswith maximum efficiency and minimum downtime. Majority of video courses on nptel do not offer lecture notes for download. With the aid of onoff valves, simple braking and holding functions are performed servo, proportional and highresponse valves give. There can be two basic types of hydraulic turbines. Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various streams. Hydraulic turbinesbasic principles and stateofthe art. The basic element in a turbine is a wheel or rotor with addles, propellers, blades, or buckets arranged on its circumference in such a fashion that the moving fluid exerts a tangential force that turns the wheel and imparts energy to it. Read online now power plant engineering nptel ebook pdf at our library. Apr 25, 2016 hydraulic turbines are machines which convert hydraulic energy in to mechanical energy. A nastranbased computer program for structural dynamic. To this end an independent hydraulic unit is employed to control all braking systems and circuits. Turbulent simulations for 3d geometries are used mainly for analyzing the energetic characteristics of flow behavior as a second step after the ideal flow simulations. I have seen such turbines in northern italy or on the island of madeira, where they get high heads due to the mountains. Turbine definition and types of turbines hydraulic.
A water director that directs the water into the rotor 3. How to download notes directly in pdf format from nptel quora. Turbine discharge may increase or decrease with rotational speed, depending upon the characteristics of the individual turbine, i. Analysis, modeling and control of doublyfed induction. Nptel, online courses and certification, learn for free. Advantages ability to utilize high pressure and high temperature steam. Students will then join construction manager, ed dejarnette onsite at the bear creek wind farm, near wilkesbarre, pa, to talk shop about the details of siting and. Application of numerical flow analysis technologies to hydraulic turbines and pumpturbines 21 fig. Turbomachinery aerodynamics nptel online videos, courses. A prime mover is a machine which uses the raw energy of a substance and converts i. Early turbine examples are windmills and water wheels. Steam turbine types steam turbine types based on blade geometry and energy conversion process are. Design of a hydraulic turbine control system by numerical. A cross flow turbine consists of the following components.
Introduction to surface water hydrology hydrologic cycle. In the first phase of the nptel project, iitg has developed 05 video courses and 15 web courses and in the second phase, iitg has developed 16 video courses and 64 web courses. Kaplan turbines require high discharge rate along with low or medium head270m. Engineering advancements pioneered the development of gas turbines in the early 1900s, and turbines began to be used for stationary electric power generation in the late 1930s. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Multiobjective structural optimization of wind turbine. Learn for free, pay a small fee for exam and get a certificate. Larger less viscous effects less separation pressure. This new second edition offers authoritative information on the operating characteristics, design features, reliability, and maintenance of all steam turbines. Aug 25, 2016 i have seen such turbines in northern italy or on the island of madeira, where they get high heads due to the mountains.
Of a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the. Application of numerical flow analysis technologies to. Yitung chen, examination committee chair professor of department of mechanical engineering university of nevada, las vegas the goal for this thesis is to minimize clearances and tolerances, in order to prevent water leakage. Large platforms may use in excess of 125 mw and there are severe limitations on weight and volume. Work done, degree of reaction, losses and efficiency.
Hydraulics and hydraulic machinery notes pdf hhm notes pdf. Significant infrastructure has been set up earlier for production of videowebbased teaching. A turbine is an engine that turns fluid movement into energy simple turbines have a shaft with a blade on it. A process automation and design exploration software john c. This is my page for my nptel video course that was recorded during my fall. This lesson allows students to analyze and understand a variety of curves that describe the power extracted from the wind by a variety of commercially produced wind turbines. Steam turbines shows how to select, improve, operate, and maintain highquality mechanical drive steam turbines with maximum efficiency and minimum downtime. Nptel video lectures, iit video lectures online, nptel youtube lectures, free video lectures, nptel online courses, youtube iit videos nptel courses. Unit 2 steam power plant steam power plant structure 2. Pdf easyengineering team internal combustion engine. Prepare a table to mention the values of all the parameters, such as head, flow rate, speed, diameter, specific speed, power. Hydrodynamic force of jets on stationary and moving flat, inclined and curved vanes, jet striking centrally and at tip, velocity triangles at inlet and outlet, expressions for work done and efficiencyangular momentum principle, applications to radial flow turbines. Hydromechanics of variable speed turbines journal of.
Turbine blade 2d cascade analysis mod01 lec21 axial flow turbines. Larger less viscous effects less separation pressure drops lower speed lower friction. It is based on the finite element method through its reliance on nastran for the devel. Energy resources and technology nptel online videos. Purpose this manual can be used for preliminary selection, steam and cooling water planning for steam turbines in basic and detail engineering stages. There are graduate engineers who need a detailed treatment of some aspect of wind power systems. Any prospective user, regardless of his background, will feel large gaps in his knowledge, areas where he does not even know what the question is, let alone where to go look for the answer. This internal combustion engine study materials contains all the formulae and important theoretical aspects of mechanical engineering. The resulting equation is known as the euler called pump turbines, are used in such schemes. Introduction to turbines aerothermodynamics mod01 lec20 axial flow turbines.
The mission of nptel is to enhance the quality of engineering education in the country by providing free online courseware. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter4 steam turbine. Windmills that generate electricity are known as wind turbines. Nptel lectures on classical field theory suresh govindarajan. Turbines revolutionized airplane propulsion in the 1940s, and in the 1990s through today have been a popular choice for new power generation plants in the united states. Turbine simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Introduction the first successful application of the gas turbine for electricity generation was the 4 mw plant installed by brown boveri in neuchatel, switzerland, in 1938. In passing over the vanes, the pressure head is converted into velocity head and is finally reduced to atmospheric pressure before leaving the wheel. Vtu nptel nmeict project progress report the project on development of remaining three quadrants to nptel phasei under grant in aid nmeict, mhrd, new delhi. Application of numerical flow analysis technologies to hydraulic turbines and pump turbines 21 fig. Open channel flow specific energy and rapid transitions hydraulic jumps slowly varying flow open channel control structures 3. The national programme on technology enhanced learning nptel, a project funded by the ministry of human resource development mhrd was first conceived in 1999 to pave the way for introducing multimedia and web technology to enhance learning of basic science and engineering concepts. Types of hydraulic turbines fluid machinery mechanical.
Gas turbines are available in sizes ranging from 500 kilowatts kw to 250 megawatts mw. There are, however, numerous smaller units in the 5 mw. Turbines remove mechanical energy from fluid via head classes hydraulic wind steam gas turbines like inverse pumps, some machines can do both. Hydrowater power plant definition of hydraulic turbines, overall efficiency, specific speed, classification of hydraulic turbines. Multiobjective structural optimization of wind turbine tower and foundation systems using isight. Turbines are classified as hydraulic, or water, turbines, steam turbines, or gas turbines. Methods of measuring pollutants and control of engine emission. Uses the potential energy and kinetic energy of water and rotate the rotor by dynamic action of water. Aug 03, 20 basic mechanical engineeringsteam turbines 1. Experimental determination of cavitation characteristics of. Abstract this paper describes a computer program developed for structural dynamic analysis of horizontal axis wind turbines hawts. There were no further developments during world war. This course is designed to familiarize participants with basic principles associated with turbine shaft bearing lubrication, turbine speed control, and turbine operation. Proceedings of the horizontal axis wind turbine technology workshop, department of energy and nasalewis, cleveland, may 1984.
Get power plant engineering nptel pdf file for free from our online library pdf file. It is a device which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy or hydraulic energy into electrical energy. Increase area of water exit, increase whirling action, suit for. This new second edition offers authoritative information on the operating characteristics, design features, reliability, and.
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